Datathief online12/28/2023 However, it is argued that visual analysis is invalid and unreliable owing to its subjectivity, and therefore, it is recommended to calculate effect sizes for SCEDs studies (Kratochwill et al., 2014 Manolov & Vannest, 2019 Shadish et al., 2015). In the studies conducted on SCEDs, repeated measurements are performed under standard conditions, and the changes between the baseline and intervention phases are visually analyzed using graphical data (Kennedy, 2005 Riley-Tillman & Burns, 2020 Tekin-Iftar, 2018). The research on SCEDs can be conducted with a single participant or through the individual evaluation of multiple participants’ performances, and these performances are shown with graphical data. Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs), which are increasingly used in the fields of education and psychology, are unique methods that allow questioning the causal and functional relation between dependent and independent variables among the participants or between conditions (Kratochwill et al., 2010 Maggin et al., 2017 Maggin & Odom, 2014 Tekin-Iftar, 2018). Based on the obtained results and considering the data extraction process, we presented various recommendations for the researchers that will use the PlotDigitizer program for the quantitative analysis of single-case graphs. The results showed that PlotDigitizer could be an alternative to other programs as it is free and can run on many current and outdated systems, and it is valid and reliable as it is nearly perfect. Based on our sampling, we calculated intercoder and intracoder Pearson correlation coefficients. Besides, using the values we digitized, we recalculated the 23 effect sizes presented in the original articles for validity analysis. We performed the digitization of 6.846 data points on three different computers using 15 hypothetical graphs with 20 data series and 186 graphs with 242 data series from 29 published articles to accomplish the goal. In this study, we aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of the PlotDigitizer software program, which is widely used in literature and an alternative to other data extraction programs, on computers with different operating systems. Researchers typically use data extraction software programs to extract raw data from the graphs in articles. The judges could take days or weeks to deliberate before ruling on the extradition.Access to raw data of graphs presented in original articles to calculate the effect size of single-case research is a challenge for researchers conducting studies such as meta-analysis. Three High Court judges heard testimony from Falciani as well as from a French prosecutor, Spanish tax authorities and a government lawyer. Switzerland has asked for Herve Falciani, who has Italian and French citizenship, to be extradited to face charges there including unauthorized obtaining of data, breach of trade secrecy, industrial espionage and violation of banking secrecy. Tax evasion deprives EU governments of roughly 1 trillion euros annually. ![]() ![]() On Friday the European Union’s six biggest countries agreed to cooperate in the fight against tax havens, piling pressure on Austria to follow Luxembourg in ending bank secrecy. Switzerland’s $2 trillion (1.3 trillion pounds) offshore banking sector, built on strict secrecy laws, has come under pressure as governments around the world try to clamp down on tax avoidance in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. The data caused a furore in 2010 when it ended up in the hands of tax authorities in France, Italy, Spain and other European countries, which have used it to seek to recover billions of euros in lost taxes. The face of the police officer was pixelated at source. Herve Falciani, a former HSBC worker wanted in Switzerland on allegations of stealing data on tens of thousands of Swiss bank accounts, appears before a High Court judge for extradition proceedings in San Fernando de Henares, near Madrid, April 15, 2013.
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